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class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>开篇</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>基础语法</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>面向对象</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>常用类</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>基础高级</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>数据库</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>前端技术</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>热门框架</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/pages/71d587/" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">Maven</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/71d587/#一、今日学习内容与目标" class="sidebar-link">一、今日学习内容与目标</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/71d587/#二、初识-maven" class="sidebar-link">二、初识 Maven</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_2-1-项目遇到的问题" class="sidebar-link">2.1 项目遇到的问题</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_2-2-maven-定义和作用" class="sidebar-link">2.2 Maven 定义和作用</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/71d587/#三、maven-安装" class="sidebar-link">三、Maven 安装</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_3-1-检查-jdk-的版本" class="sidebar-link">3.1 检查 JDK 的版本</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_3-2-安装-maven" class="sidebar-link">3.2 安装 Maven</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_3-3-配置环境变量" class="sidebar-link">3.3 配置环境变量</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_3-3-1-win7-配置" class="sidebar-link">3.3.1 Win7 配置</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_3-3-2-win10-配置" class="sidebar-link">3.3.2 Win10 配置</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_3-4-验证-maven-安装" class="sidebar-link">3.4 验证 Maven 安装</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/71d587/#四、maven入门" class="sidebar-link">四、Maven入门</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/71d587/#五、maven-设置" class="sidebar-link">五、Maven 设置</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_5-1-本地仓库" class="sidebar-link">5.1 本地仓库</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_5-2-配置中央仓库镜像" class="sidebar-link">5.2 配置中央仓库镜像</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/71d587/#六、idea-配置maven" class="sidebar-link">六、IDEA 配置Maven</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/71d587/#七、maven-构建javase-项目" class="sidebar-link">七、Maven 构建JavaSE 项目</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_7-1-创建项目" class="sidebar-link">7.1 创建项目</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_7-2-依赖获取方式" class="sidebar-link">7.2 依赖获取方式</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_7-3-使用-maven-命令" class="sidebar-link">7.3 使用 Maven 命令</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/71d587/#八、maven-构建web-项目" class="sidebar-link">八、Maven 构建Web 项目</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_8-1-创建项目" class="sidebar-link">8.1 创建项目</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_8-2-配置-tomcat-插件" class="sidebar-link">8.2 配置 Tomcat 插件</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_8-3-启动项目" class="sidebar-link">8.3 启动项目</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/71d587/#九、概念解释" class="sidebar-link">九、概念解释</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_9-1-坐标" class="sidebar-link">9.1 坐标</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_9-1-1-数学中的坐标" class="sidebar-link">9.1.1 数学中的坐标</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_9-1-2-maven-中的坐标" class="sidebar-link">9.1.2 Maven 中的坐标</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_9-2-依赖" class="sidebar-link">9.2 依赖</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_9-2-1-scope" class="sidebar-link">9.2.1 scope</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_9-2-2-传递性" class="sidebar-link">9.2.2 传递性</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/71d587/#十、小结与作业" class="sidebar-link">十、小结与作业</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_10-1-小结" class="sidebar-link">10.1 小结</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/71d587/#_10-2-作业" class="sidebar-link">10.2 作业</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/pages/1b0493/" class="sidebar-link">MySQL加强</a></li><li><a href="/pages/712f3f/" class="sidebar-link">MyBatis加强</a></li><li><a href="/pages/78eb56/" class="sidebar-link">MyBatis-Plus</a></li><li><a href="/pages/bbdeaa/" class="sidebar-link">Spring框架</a></li><li><a href="/pages/8bb4cd/" class="sidebar-link">SpringMVC框架</a></li><li><a href="/pages/4ab4d3/" class="sidebar-link">项目实战-SSM整合</a></li><li><a href="/pages/de0eaa/" class="sidebar-link">SpringBoot</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>前后端分离</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>权限控制</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>NoSQL</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>微服务</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>消息中间件</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>脚手架</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>技术增值</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <div><main class="page"><div class="theme-vdoing-wrapper "><div class="articleInfo-wrap" data-v-06225672><div class="articleInfo" data-v-06225672><ul class="breadcrumbs" data-v-06225672><li data-v-06225672><a href="/" title="首页" class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-06225672></a></li> <li data-v-06225672><a href="/categories/?category=Java%E9%80%9F%E9%80%9A" title="分类" data-v-06225672>Java速通</a></li><li data-v-06225672><a href="/categories/?category=%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6" title="分类" data-v-06225672>热门框架</a></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-06225672><div title="作者" class="author iconfont icon-touxiang" data-v-06225672><a href="https://github.com/langfeiyes" target="_blank" title="作者" class="beLink" data-v-06225672>langfeiyes</a></div> <div title="创建时间" class="date iconfont icon-riqi" data-v-06225672><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06225672>2024-03-10</a></div> <!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="content-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-margin"><div class="right-menu-title">目录</div> <div class="right-menu-content"></div></div></div> <h1><img src="">Maven<!----></h1>  <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><h1 id="maven"><a href="#maven" class="header-anchor">#</a> MAVEN</h1> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/maven-logo.png" alt=""></p> <h2 id="一、今日学习内容与目标"><a href="#一、今日学习内容与目标" class="header-anchor">#</a> 一、今日学习内容与目标</h2> <ul><li>了解 Maven 是什么，为什么要使用 Maven。</li> <li>掌握 Maven 安装及配置。</li> <li>熟悉 Maven 项目目录结构，知道什么类型文件放到什么目录里。</li> <li>掌握在开发工具中搭建基于 Maven 构建 JavaSE 项目。</li> <li>掌握在开发工具中搭建基于 Maven 构建 JavaWeb 项目。</li></ul> <h2 id="二、初识-maven"><a href="#二、初识-maven" class="header-anchor">#</a> 二、初识 Maven</h2> <h3 id="_2-1-项目遇到的问题"><a href="#_2-1-项目遇到的问题" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.1 项目遇到的问题</h3> <ul><li>构建：编译代码，运行测试，打包，部署应用，运行服务器等；</li> <li>依赖：项目依赖大量的第三方包，第三方包又依赖另外的包，对依赖包的管理非常麻烦。</li></ul> <h3 id="_2-2-maven-定义和作用"><a href="#_2-2-maven-定义和作用" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.2 Maven 定义和作用</h3> <ul><li><p>Maven 翻译为“知识的积累”，“专家”，“行家”，是一个跨平台的项目管理工具；</p></li> <li><p>Maven 主要用作基于 Java 平台的项目（Maven 本身也是 Java 编写的）的构建、依赖包管理和项目信息管理；</p></li> <li><p>Maven 能提供<strong>一种项目的配置</strong>，配置好的项目，只需要运行一条简单的命令，就能完成重复的，繁琐的构建动作；</p></li> <li><p>Maven 能提供一种项目的依赖配置，配置好的项目，Maven 能自动的<strong>从 Maven 的中央仓库中帮我们下载并管理项目依赖的 jar 包</strong>，并且还能自动的管理这些 jar 包依赖的其他 jar 包；</p></li> <li><p>Maven 提供了一种<strong>标准的项目目录结构</strong>，测试命名规则等项目的最佳实践方案，统一了不同项目的学习成本（约定大于配置）。</p></li></ul> <h2 id="三、maven-安装"><a href="#三、maven-安装" class="header-anchor">#</a> 三、Maven 安装</h2> <h3 id="_3-1-检查-jdk-的版本"><a href="#_3-1-检查-jdk-的版本" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3.1 检查 JDK 的版本</h3> <p>因为 Maven 不同的版本对 JDK 是有要求的，具体请看官网。
在命令行输入 java  -version，查询安装 JDK 是否正确并查询安装的版本。若没有配置好的话，按照以下步骤配置好：</p> <ul><li>添加 JAVA_HOME，需要指向 JDK 安装目录；</li> <li>添加 PATH，添加 %JAVA_HOME%\bin。</li></ul> <h3 id="_3-2-安装-maven"><a href="#_3-2-安装-maven" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3.2 安装 Maven</h3> <p>把 apache-maven-x.x.x-bin.zip 解压到目录中（<strong>目录路径最好不要有空格和中文</strong>）。</p> <h3 id="_3-3-配置环境变量"><a href="#_3-3-配置环境变量" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3.3 配置环境变量</h3> <ul><li>配置环境变量，MAVEN_HOME，指向 maven 的根目录；</li> <li>配置环境变量 Path，将 %MAVEN_HOME%\bin 追加到 Path 中。</li></ul> <h4 id="_3-3-1-win7-配置"><a href="#_3-3-1-win7-配置" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3.3.1 Win7 配置</h4> <p><em><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/Win7_1.png" alt=""></em></p> <p><em><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/Win7_2.png" alt=""></em></p> <p><em><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/Win7_3.png" alt=""></em></p> <h4 id="_3-3-2-win10-配置"><a href="#_3-3-2-win10-配置" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3.3.2 Win10 配置</h4> <p><em><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/Win10_1.png" alt=""></em></p> <p><em><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/Win10_2.png" alt=""></em></p> <h3 id="_3-4-验证-maven-安装"><a href="#_3-4-验证-maven-安装" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3.4 验证 Maven 安装</h3> <p>打开命令行窗口，输入入 mvn –v 执行，若执行类似如下效果即代表安装成功。</p> <p><em><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/maveninstall.png" alt=""></em></p> <h2 id="四、maven入门"><a href="#四、maven入门" class="header-anchor">#</a> 四、Maven入门</h2> <p><em><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/mavencommon.png" alt=""></em></p> <p>把事先准备好的 Maven 项目，在命令行下输入命令试下：</p> <ul><li>mvn compile：编译</li> <li>mvn clean：清除</li> <li>mvn test：测试</li> <li>mvn package：打包</li> <li>mvn install：打包，本地仓库也放一份</li></ul> <h2 id="五、maven-设置"><a href="#五、maven-设置" class="header-anchor">#</a> 五、Maven 设置</h2> <h3 id="_5-1-本地仓库"><a href="#_5-1-本地仓库" class="header-anchor">#</a> 5.1 本地仓库</h3> <p>运行过 Maven 命令才会在你的用户目录生成一个 .m2 目录，该目录下有个目录名 repository，这个就是所谓的本地仓库，主要存放是一些下载的 jar 文件。</p> <p>本地仓库默认位置在用户目录/.m2/repository，本地仓库不建议在系统盘，最佳实践：</p> <ul><li>将 Maven 根目录的 conf/settings.xml 拷贝到 .m2 中，作为个人 Maven 配置文件；</li> <li>在 settings.xml 文件中 localRepository 修改本地仓库的位置。</li></ul> <div class="language-xml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-xml"><code><span class="token prolog">&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>settings</span> <span class="token attr-name">xmlns</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span>
          <span class="token attr-name"><span class="token namespace">xmlns:</span>xsi</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span>
          <span class="token attr-name"><span class="token namespace">xsi:</span>schemaLocation</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token comment">&lt;!-- 本地仓库地址 --&gt;</span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>localRepository</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>你本地仓库的目录位置<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>localRepository</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>settings</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_5-2-配置中央仓库镜像"><a href="#_5-2-配置中央仓库镜像" class="header-anchor">#</a> 5.2 配置中央仓库镜像</h3> <p>在有网情况下，官方中央仓库服务器在国外，所以很大可能出现下载失败的问题，所以我们配置一个中央仓库的镜像来降低下载失败的概率。</p> <div class="language-xml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-xml"><code><span class="token prolog">&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>settings</span> <span class="token attr-name">xmlns</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span>
          <span class="token attr-name"><span class="token namespace">xmlns:</span>xsi</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span>
          <span class="token attr-name"><span class="token namespace">xsi:</span>schemaLocation</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token comment">&lt;!-- 本地仓库地址 --&gt;</span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>localRepository</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>你本地仓库的目录位置<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>localRepository</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>mirrors</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token comment">&lt;!-- 阿里仓库镜像 --&gt;</span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>mirror</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>id</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>alimaven<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>id</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>name</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>aliyun maven<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>name</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>url</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>url</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>mirrorOf</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>central<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>mirrorOf</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>mirror</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>mirrors</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>settings</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><h2 id="六、idea-配置maven"><a href="#六、idea-配置maven" class="header-anchor">#</a> 六、IDEA 配置Maven</h2> <p>配置安装的 Maven，设置 setttings.xml 和本地仓库。</p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/image-20230524144123087.png" alt=""><br></p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/Mavensettinginidea2.png" alt=""><br></p> <h2 id="七、maven-构建javase-项目"><a href="#七、maven-构建javase-项目" class="header-anchor">#</a> 七、Maven 构建JavaSE 项目</h2> <h3 id="_7-1-创建项目"><a href="#_7-1-创建项目" class="header-anchor">#</a> 7.1 创建项目</h3> <p><strong>步骤1：选择建的是 Maven 项目</strong></p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/image-20230524171744936.png" alt=""><br></p> <p>确定完之后点击 Finish，之后工具会打开解析项目，要等一会儿。</p> <p><strong>步骤2：pom.xml 文件</strong></p> <p>用于填写项目信息，打包方式，添加依赖及插件等。</p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/image-20230524172106316.png" alt=""><br></p> <p><strong>步骤3：添加依赖</strong></p> <p>所谓建索引，就对本地仓库的依赖建立索引，若本地仓库存在 10 个依赖，那么在添加的时候可以搜索得出来，很方便在 pom.xml 添加。但注意搜索得出来是本地仓库已有的前提下。而这个索引在 IDEA 开发工具会自动建好，直接使用即可。(idea 有的版本无法搜索到)</p> <p><strong>索引提示</strong></p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/adddependences1.png" alt=""><br></p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/image-20230524172927035.png" alt=""><br></p> <p><strong>填写依赖名称</strong></p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/adddependences3.png" alt=""><br></p> <p><strong>填写依赖版本</strong></p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/adddependences4.png" alt=""><br></p> <p><strong>填写依赖的作用域</strong></p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/adddependences5.png" alt=""><br></p> <p><strong>刷新依赖</strong></p> <p><em><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/image-20230524173147724.png" alt=""></em><br></p> <p><em><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/image-20230524173230492.png" alt=""></em></p> <p><strong>验证依赖添加成功</strong></p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/adddependences7.png" alt=""></p> <h3 id="_7-2-依赖获取方式"><a href="#_7-2-依赖获取方式" class="header-anchor">#</a> 7.2 依赖获取方式</h3> <p><a href="https://mvnrepository.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">搜索依赖的网站<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>。</p> <p><strong>步骤1：在搜索栏中输入要添加的依赖</strong></p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/seachdependencebysite1.png" alt=""></p> <p><strong>步骤2：选择所要的依赖和其版本</strong></p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/seachdependencebysite2.png" alt=""></p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/seachdependencebysite3.png" alt=""></p> <p><strong>步骤3：拷贝对应配置到 pom.xml 中</strong></p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/seachdependencebysite4.png" alt=""></p> <h3 id="_7-3-使用-maven-命令"><a href="#_7-3-使用-maven-命令" class="header-anchor">#</a> 7.3 使用 Maven 命令</h3> <p>在 Maven Projects 窗口，双击对应命令即可：</p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/usermavencmdinidea.png" alt=""><br></p> <h2 id="八、maven-构建web-项目"><a href="#八、maven-构建web-项目" class="header-anchor">#</a> 八、Maven 构建Web 项目</h2> <h3 id="_8-1-创建项目"><a href="#_8-1-创建项目" class="header-anchor">#</a> 8.1 创建项目</h3> <p><strong>选择建的是 Jakarta EE 项目</strong></p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/image-20230524173808651.png" alt=""><br></p> <p>确定后之后点击 Next。</p> <p><strong>选择使用JavaEE8 版本</strong></p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/image-20230524174008518.png" alt=""><br></p> <h3 id="_8-2-配置-tomcat-插件"><a href="#_8-2-配置-tomcat-插件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 8.2 配置 Tomcat 插件</h3> <p>在 pom.xml 中删除war插件，不需要，然后添加tomcat插件</p> <div class="language-xml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-xml"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>build</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>plugins</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>plugin</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>org.apache.tomcat.maven<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>tomcat7-maven-plugin<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>2.1<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>configuration</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
                <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>port</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>80<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>port</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token comment">&lt;!-- 端口 --&gt;</span>
                <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>path</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>/<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>path</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token comment">&lt;!-- 上下路径 --&gt;</span>
                <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>uriEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>UTF-8<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>uriEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token comment">&lt;!-- 针对 GET 方式乱码处理 --&gt;</span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>configuration</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>plugin</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>plugins</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>build</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_8-3-启动项目"><a href="#_8-3-启动项目" class="header-anchor">#</a> 8.3 启动项目</h3> <p><em><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/startproject.png" alt=""></em></p> <h2 id="九、概念解释"><a href="#九、概念解释" class="header-anchor">#</a> 九、概念解释</h2> <h3 id="_9-1-坐标"><a href="#_9-1-坐标" class="header-anchor">#</a> 9.1 坐标</h3> <h4 id="_9-1-1-数学中的坐标"><a href="#_9-1-1-数学中的坐标" class="header-anchor">#</a> 9.1.1 数学中的坐标</h4> <p>在空间中，使用 X、Y、Z 三个向量可以唯一的定位空间中的任意一个点。</p> <h4 id="_9-1-2-maven-中的坐标"><a href="#_9-1-2-maven-中的坐标" class="header-anchor">#</a> 9.1.2 Maven 中的坐标</h4> <p>标识项目或者依赖在仓库中的位置。主要由下面构成：</p> <ul><li>groupId：项目名称，一般使用公司或组织域名倒写，域名具有唯一性，区分不同公司；</li> <li>artifactId：项目中 Maven 项目/模块名称，区分同一个公司的项目；</li> <li>version：项目版本，区分同一个项目不同时期的特点。</li></ul> <h3 id="_9-2-依赖"><a href="#_9-2-依赖" class="header-anchor">#</a> 9.2 依赖</h3> <p>配置项目所要依赖的 jar，在 pom.xml 使用 dependency 元素配置，通过坐标先从本地仓库找，若没有再从远程仓库找。</p> <h4 id="_9-2-1-scope"><a href="#_9-2-1-scope" class="header-anchor">#</a> 9.2.1 scope</h4> <p>Maven 在编译，测试，运行的时候，各需要一套 classpath（比如编译的时候会有编译的 classpath，测试的时候会有测试的 classpath）。scope 表明该依赖的项目和三个 classpath 的关系，即表示依赖什么阶段起作用，什么阶段不起作用。</p> <p>scope 主要可选值：</p> <ul><li>compile：默认，适用于所有阶段，会随着项目一起发布，在编译，测试，运行时都有效；</li> <li>provided：编译和测试阶段使用；典型的如 servlet-api.jar，打包时不需要，容器来提供；</li> <li>runtime：测试和运行阶段使用，用于接口和实现分离，典型的如 jdbc 具体驱动实现；</li> <li>test：测试阶段使用，不会随项目发布，如 junit。</li></ul> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/langfeiyes/images-khub/scopeofdependence.png" alt=""></p> <h4 id="_9-2-2-传递性"><a href="#_9-2-2-传递性" class="header-anchor">#</a> 9.2.2 传递性</h4> <p>Maven 的依赖是具有传递性的，比如 A -&gt; B，B -&gt; C，那么 A 间接的依赖于 C，这就是依赖的传递性，其中 A 对于 B 是第一直接依赖，B 对于 C 是第二直接依赖，C 为 A 的传递性依赖。依赖的传递性可以解决依赖繁琐的问题。</p> <h2 id="十、小结与作业"><a href="#十、小结与作业" class="header-anchor">#</a> 十、小结与作业</h2> <h3 id="_10-1-小结"><a href="#_10-1-小结" class="header-anchor">#</a> 10.1 小结</h3> <ul><li><p>了解 Maven 是什么，为什么要使用 Maven。</p></li> <li><p>掌握 Maven 安装及配置。</p></li> <li><p>熟悉 Maven 项目目录结构，知道什么类型文件放到什么目录里。</p></li> <li><p>掌握在开发工具中搭建基于 Maven 构建 JavaSE 项目。</p></li> <li><p>掌握在开发工具中搭建基于 Maven 构建 JavaWeb 项目。</p></li></ul> <h3 id="_10-2-作业"><a href="#_10-2-作业" class="header-anchor">#</a> 10.2 作业</h3> <ul><li>画标准 Maven 项目树状结构image，并标识什么目录里面放置什么文件。</li> <li>完成 Maven 安装及配置。</li> <li>完成在开发工具中搭建 Maven 构建 JavaSE 项目，编写编写一个测试类，打印当前系统时间。</li> <li>完成在开发工具中使用 Maven 构建 JavaWeb 项目，能处理路径为 /hello 请求 ，响应 HTML 格式内容，页面显示 Hello Maven。</li> <li>完成对之前 Web CRUD 项目进行改造，使用 Maven 来构建。</li></ul></div></div>  <div class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="tags"><a href="/tags/?tag=Maven" title="标签">#Maven</a></div> <!----></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><div class="page-nav-centre-wrap"><a href="/pages/f99e33/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-prev"><div class="tooltip">项目实战-MIS系统</div></a> <a href="/pages/1b0493/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-next"><div class="tooltip">MySQL加强</div></a></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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